The research team used gene-editing technology to modify the structure of the DNAJC14 protein, which the virus relies on to replicate inside pig cells. As a result of the experiments, genetically modified pigs did not become infected with the virus, while the control group, without genetic alteration, showed typical signs of CSF.
The study confirmed that a single targeted change in the animal’s DNA provides complete immunity to the disease without causing any negative effects on the pigs’ growth or overall health.
“Our discovery demonstrates that gene editing can be an effective strategy for controlling viral diseases in livestock. We have moved from laboratory cell work to living animals — and that’s a major step forward,” said Dr. Simon Lillico, lead scientist at The Roslin Institute.
Before creating gene-edited pigs, researchers studied how pestiviruses (a group that includes the CSF virus) interact with pig cells. They found that the DNAJC14 protein plays a crucial role in the virus replication process.
By altering the gene responsible for producing this protein in pig embryos, scientists blocked the virus’s ability to use host cells to make copies of itself. Once the pigs reached adulthood, they were exposed to the virus — and none of the edited animals became ill.
The study was conducted in collaboration with the genetics company Genus, experts from the UK Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), and the University of Lubeck in Germany. The project was funded through the BBSRC National Bioscience Research Infrastructure program and carried out at the Large Animal Research and Imaging Facility at the University of Edinburgh.
Although classical swine fever is not currently present in the United Kingdom, it continues to cause outbreaks across Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Europe, leading to trade restrictions and financial losses for farmers.
Scientists note that this genetic modification could potentially be applied to other livestock species, including cattle and sheep, paving the way for the development of disease-resistant breeds.
While vaccines against CSF exist, disease control remains difficult due to virus persistence in wild populations and cross-species transmission. Genetically resistant animals could become a key part of an integrated biosecurity strategy, complementing vaccination and preventive measures.
PigUA.info based on materials from pig333.com